Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: While there is no direct Hebrew equivalent for ἱδρώς, the concept of sweat is present in the Hebrew Bible. The Hebrew word זֵעָה (ze'ah), meaning "sweat," is found in Genesis 3:19, where God tells Adam, "By the sweat of your brow you will eat your bread, until you return to the ground." This passage highlights the toil and labor resulting from the Fall, contrasting with the redemptive work of Christ, who, through His own sweat and suffering, provides spiritual rest and salvation.

Usage: The term ἱδρώς is used in the New Testament to describe the physical phenomenon of sweating, particularly in a context of intense emotional or physical exertion.

Context: The Greek word ἱδρώς appears in the New Testament in the context of Jesus' prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane. This term is used to describe the intense physical reaction of Jesus as He prayed fervently before His arrest and crucifixion. In Luke 22:44, the Berean Standard Bible translates this passage as: "And in His anguish, He prayed more earnestly, and His sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground."

This vivid description highlights the extreme emotional and spiritual distress Jesus experienced, which was so intense that it manifested physically as sweat mingled with blood. This phenomenon, known as hematidrosis, is a rare medical condition where capillary blood vessels that feed the sweat glands rupture, causing them to exude blood. The use of ἱδρώς in this context underscores the humanity of Jesus and the profound agony He faced in anticipation of His sacrificial death.

Theologically, this moment in the Garden of Gethsemane is significant as it demonstrates Jesus' submission to the Father's will, despite the overwhelming burden of bearing the sins of the world. The sweat, described as "like drops of blood," symbolizes the depth of His suffering and the earnestness of His prayer, reflecting His role as the Suffering Servant prophesied in Isaiah 53.